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+[[!meta title="An integrative taxonomic framework for the study of the genus Ciona (Ascidiacea) and description of a new species, Ciona intermedia"]]
+[[!tag Ciona taxonomy]]
+
+Francesco Mastrototaro, Federica Montesanto, Marika Salonna, Frédérique Viard, Giovanni Chimienti, Egidio Trainito, Carmela Gissi
+
+Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 190, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 1193–1216, doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa042
+
+An integrative taxonomic framework for the study of the genus _Ciona_ (Ascidiacea) and description of a new species, _Ciona intermedia_
+
+[[!doi 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa042 desc="“The percentage identity between _C. intermedia_ and other _Ciona_ species, including _C. roulei_ and _C. edwardsi_, is lower than 94.28% for cox1, 90.14% for x3n1 [“_cox2_ and _cob_”] and 91.89% for x2cb [ _cox3_, _trnK_, _nad1_, and two non-coding spacers].”"]]
during the Pliocene (≈ 3.8 Ma); a recent introgression then happened 15,000
years ago ([[Roux and coll., 2013|biblio/23564941]]).
+The _C. intermedia_ species was described by [[Mastrototaro and coll.,
+2021|biblio/10.1093_zoolinnean_zlaa042]]. It is sister to _C. edwardsi_
+but their placement regarding to _C. int_ and _robusta_ varies in
+different computations presented in that work.
+
## Hybridisation between species
_C. intestinalis_ and _C. savignyi_ can cross-fertilise after removal of the