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+[[!meta title="Contributions to the Genetics, Taxonomy, and Ecology of Drosophila pseudoobscura and its relatives"]]
+[[!tag Drosophila]]
+
+Theodosius Dobzhansky and Carl Epling
+
+Carnegie Institution of Washington publicatino 554, Washington, D. C., March 31st, 1944
+
+Contributions to the Genetics, Taxonomy, and Ecology of _Drosophila pseudoobscura_ and its relatives.
+
+“It is certain that if any kind of structural difference had been known between
+_D. pseudoobscura_ and _D. persimilis_, they would have been classed as species
+from the start. Calling them races, and designating them by the letters A and B
+instead of by Latin names, was an attempt to appease conservative taxonomists
+who continue to adhere to the purely morphological concepts of species and
+race. Such a course is neither scientifically consistent nor practically sound.
+The species is the stage in the process of evolutionary divergence at which an
+array of populations once actually interbreeding or capable of interbreeding
+has become split into two or more reproductively isolated arrays. Species exist
+in nature regardless of whether we can or cannot distinguish them by their
+structural characters. There is no doubt that the great majority of animal and
+plant species differ structurally, and that they can be conveniently, and in
+most cases readily, recognized and delimited by their morphology alone. But it
+does not follow that any and all species are recognizable by their externally
+visible structures.”
+
+<https://books.google.com/books?id=J1A1AAAAMAAJ>
showed that the gene order of the X2 chromosome of _D. miranda_ is homologoues
to the one of the hypothetical ancestor of chromosome 3 in _D. Pseudoobscura_.
-"Race B" of _D. pseudoobscura_ is now called "D. persimilis". For some time
-it was thought that there are no morphological differences, but it was
-later found that the size of their penis differs ([[Rizki MT, 1951|biblio/14808171]]).
+"Race B" of _D. pseudoobscura_ is now called "D. persimilis" ([[Dobzhansky and
+Epling, 1944|biblio/J1A1AAAAMAAJ]]). For some time it was thought that there
+are no morphological differences, but it was later found that the size of their
+penis differs ([[Rizki MT, 1951|biblio/14808171]]).
### Other