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+[[!meta title="Cardiopharyngeal deconstruction and ancestral tunicate sessility."]]
+[[!tag Oikopleura]]
+
+Ferrández-Roldán A, Fabregà-Torrus M, Sánchez-Serna G, Duran-Bello E, Joaquín-Lluís M, Bujosa P, Plana-Carmona M, Garcia-Fernàndez J, Albalat R, Cañestro C.
+
+Nature. 2021 Nov;599(7885):431-435. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04041-w
+
+Cardiopharyngeal deconstruction and ancestral tunicate sessility.
+
+[[!pmid 34789899 desc="Mesp, Ets1/2b, Gata4/5/6, Mek1/2, Hand-r and Tbx1/10 are absent from appendicularian genomes. Nk4, Hand1/2 and FoxF were found."]]
- 8 Wnt genes were found, belonging to 4 families. Intronless _Wnt11_ genes
were found; they might have been created by retrotransposition
([[Martí-Solans and coll., 2021|biblio/34179025]]).
+ - _Nk4_, _Hand1/2_ and _FoxF_ (heart development, [[Ferrández-Roldán and coll., 2021|biblio/34789899]]).
### Lost
- _Nodal_ is not found in _O. dioica_'s genome ([[Onuma and coll., 2020|biblio/32029598]]).
- Peroxysomes and genes related to them ([[Žárský and Tachezy, 2015|biblio/26700421]];
[[Kienle, Kloepper and Fasshauer, 2016|biblio/27756227]]).
-
+ - _Mesp_, _Ets1/2b_, _Gata4/5/6_, _Mek1/2_, _Hand-r_ and _Tbx1/10_ (heart development,
+ [[Ferrández-Roldán and coll., 2021|biblio/34789899]]).
Epigenome
---------
Electron microscopy shows a large perikaryon, cisternas and a cilium which is inserted
in the central canal ([[Holmberg and Olsson, 1984|biblio/reissner_oik]]).
- In contrary to Kowalevskiidae, ([[Brena, Cima and Burighel, 2003|biblio/10.1002_jmor.10145]]),
- _Oikopleura_ do have a heart.
+ _Oikopleura_ do have a heart. The genes _Mesp_, _Ets1/2b_, _Gata4/5/6_, _Mek1/2_,
+ _Hand-r_ and _Tbx1/10_, which are essential to heart development in other chordates
+ are lost in appendicularians ([[Ferrández-Roldán and coll., 2021|biblio/34789899]]).
- A 3D reconstitution of hatchlings and jufeniles was done by SEM tomography by
[[Nishida and coll., 2021|biblio/33649401]].