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+[[!meta title="Gut ultrastructure of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica (Tunicata)"]]
+[[!tag Oikopleura]]
+
+Paolo Burighel, Carlo Brena, Gian Bruno Martinucci, Francesca Cima
+
+Invertebrate Biology, 120: 278-293. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00038.x
+
+Gut ultrastructure of the appendicularian _Oikopleura dioica_ (Tunicata)
+
+[[!doi 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00038.x desc="“We propose the following
+hypothesis for food processing in the alimentary canal. Absorption of
+material digested by the enzymes of the gastric band begins in the left lobe of
+the stomach. In the globular cells, endocytosis of macromolecules may occur,
+followed by intracellular digestion. Absorption continues in the right lobe of
+the stomach, where the ciliated microvillar cells store material in the form
+of lipid droplets. In the stomach, food is wrapped in a peritrophic membrane
+secreted by the epithelium, and fecal pellets form in the vertical intestine.
+These pellets advance through the intestine, while absorption continues in the
+ciliated microvillar and rectal globular cells; proteins are stored in the
+rectum. The gut epithelium might also be involved in ion and liquid transport
+for absorption and/or osmoregulation of internal fluid.”"]]
- Some members of retinoic acid pathway gene network that were not lost in _O. dioica_ show
signs of neofunctionalisation or specialisation in their ancestral activity in
digestion or chemical defence ([[Martí-Solans et al., 2016|biblio/27406791]]).
+ - Ciliated cells move the food through the digestive system. Protein
+ production, probably digestive enzymes, is strong in the gastric band of
+ both stomach lobes. Endocytosis is visible in the left lobe of the stomach and
+ the rectum. Lipid uptake might happen in the right lobe of the stomach
+ ([[Burighel, Brena, Martinucci and Cima
+ (2005)|biblio/10.1111_j.1744-7410.2001.tb00038.x]]).
House