[[!meta title="pages tagged Ciona"]]
_C. intestinalis_ and _C. savignyi_ can cross-fertilise after removal of the
-vitelline enveloppe ([[Byrd and Lambert, 2000|biblio/10602281]]).
+vitelline enveloppe ([[Byrd and Lambert, 2000|biblio/10602281]]). They are
+estimated to have diverged 122 ± 33 million years ago ([[Delsuc and coll.,
+2018|biblio/29653534]]).
_Ciona robusta_'s sperm can efficiently fertilise _C. intestinalis_ eggs, but
the fertilisation rates are much lower in the reciprocal crosses ([[Suzuki,