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+[[!meta title="Growth and reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A in Oikopleura dioica at environmentally relevant concentrations."]]
+[[!tag Oikopleura]]
+
+Li S, Liang Y, Zhang G.
+
+J Hazard Mater. 2024 Aug 16;479:135552. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135552.
+
+Growth and reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A in Oikopleura dioica at environmentally relevant concentrations.
+
+[[!pmid 39208629 desc="“Evaluation of the toxicity of environmentally relevant levels of BPA [(bisphenol a)] (2.5–150 μg/L) on the appendicularian _Oikopleura dioica_” LC50 of 142 μg/L. “125 μg/L BPA significantly inhibited the somatic growth, gonadal development and reproduction” ”exposure to an environmentally safe concentration (2.5 μg/L) affected female fecundity and fitness” “BPA exposure […] led to abnormal secretion of digestive enzymes and phospholipase A2”"]]
- Adult notochord cells proliferate ([[Søviknes and Glover, 2008|biblio/18258772]]).
- Expression of development genes is retarded by polyunsaturated aldehydes produced
by diatoms ([[Torres-Águila and coll., 2018|biblio/30272001]]).
+ - Bisphenol A (BPA) reduces fitness at concentration that are defined as
+ ”environmentally safe” by the European Union ([[Li, Liang and Zhang, 2024|biblio/39208629]]).
- Epithelial cells divide by mitosis during embryogenesis. Once the final number
of cells is produce, they grow by endomitosis, with final ploidy ranging between
~30 to ~1300 C. Cells with higher ploidy have shorter gap phases. Endomitoses
database of DNA barcodes.
- Carbon output of _O. dioica_ is either their house or fecal pellets, the
ratio of which may depend on food concentration ([[Acuña and
- Kiefer, 2000|biblio/10.4319_lo.2000.45.3.0608.mdwn]]).
+ Kiefer, 2000|biblio/10.4319_lo.2000.45.3.0608]]).
- Gravid _B mcnutti_ individuals are found at down to 800 m, but spawning is supposed to
happen closer to the surface ([[Sherlock and coll., 2017|biblio/28042175]]).
- Oikopleuridae have been reported to be able to ingest microplastics.
- In Taiwan, _O. dioica_ was reported in north east costal waters in summar
2005 by [[Hsiao and coll.|biblio/10.1007/s10750-011-0628-1]] and in 2009
(plus near the Kueishan island) by [[Kâ and Hwang,
- 2011|biblio/zoolstud_50.2_155.mdwn]]. In a coastal sampling sites visited in
+ 2011|biblio/zoolstud_50.2_155]]. In a coastal sampling sites visited in
2014, 2015, and 2017, it was almost always the most abundant appendicularian.
It was most abundant in summer ([[Franco and coll,.
2016|biblio/10.6620_ZS.2016.55-28]], [[Franco and coll.,