Dans l'avion

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+[[!meta title="Evolution of the ancestral mammalian karyotype and syntenic regions."]]
+[[!tag synteny]]
+
+Damas J, Corbo M, Kim J, Turner-Maier J, Farré M, Larkin DM, Ryder OA, Steiner C, Houck ML, Hall S, Shiue L, Thomas S, Swale T, Daly M, Korlach J, Uliano-Silva M, Mazzoni CJ, Birren BW, Genereux DP, Johnson J, Lindblad-Toh K, Karlsson EK, Nweeia MT, Johnson RN; Zoonomia Consortium; Lewin HA.
+
+Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 4;119(40):e2209139119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2209139119
+
+Evolution of the ancestral mammalian karyotype and syntenic regions.
+
+[[!pmid 36161960 desc="Analyses the number of breakpoints between nodes of the
+phylogenetic tree, thanks to ancestral genome reconstruction.  “2 extant
+mammals (Dataset S1), representing all 19 eutherian, 3 marsupial, and the
+monotreme orders, were used to reconstruct ancestral karyotypes at 16 nodes of
+the mammalian phylogeny”  “We used DESCHRAMBLER to generate reconstructed
+ancestral chromosome fragments (RACFs) for each of 16 mammalian ancestors at
+300-kbp syntenic fragment (SF) resolution”  “The reconstructed mammalian
+ancestor karyotype has 19 autosomes plus X, except for the cattle genome-based
+reconstruction, which has two fewer chromosomes and the lowest total
+reconstruction length”  “The differences between the mammalian and therian (n =
+17 + X) ancestors’ chromosomes resulted from 96 chromosomal rearrangements over
+18 My.”  “The eutherian ancestor (n = 19 + X) is the most recent common
+ancestor of the three lineages represented by the reference genomes. Its
+karyotype evolved from that of the therian ancestor as a result of 124
+chromosomal rearrangements over 53 My.”  “We identified 323, 262, and 257 EBRs
+that occurred along the lineage from the mammalian ancestor to the human,
+sloth, and cattle genomes, respectively”  “Inversions were most frequent,
+accounting for 76 to 85% of all rearrangements identified for each lineage”
+“The highest number of interchromosomal rearrangements (i.e., fissions and
+fusions) was observed on the branch from the therian to the eutherian ancestor
+(n = 30)”  “We observed that 9 of 14 small MAMs have 1:1 orthology to chicken
+chromosomes (GGA) and reconstructed chromosomes of the avian and amniote
+ancestors”  “EBRs were found to have a significantly higher density of
+repeats”"]]

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@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ but higher than in plants ([[Li and coll., 2022|biblio/36334587]]).
 
 ### Ancestral karyotpyes
 
- - The ancestral mammalian genome has 30 chromosomes ([[Zhou and coll., 2021|biblio/33408411]]).
+ - The ancestral mammalian genome has 30 chromosomes ([[Zhou and coll.,
+   2021|biblio/33408411]]), or 19 + X ([[Damas and coll.,
+   2022|biblio/36161960]]).
 
  - The ancestral chordate has 17 chromosomes according to amphioxus assemblies
   ([[Putnam and coll, 2008|biblio/18563158]], [[Simakov and coll., 2020|biblio/32313176]]).