vanadium

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+[[!meta title="The Mechanism of Accumulation of Vanadium by Ascidians: Some Progress towards an Understanding of this Unusual Phenomenon"]]
+[[!tag vanadium Ciona]]
+
+Hitoshi Michibata
+
+Zoological Science, 13(4), 489-502, (1 August 1996) doi:10.2108/zsj.13.489
+
+The Mechanism of Accumulation of Vanadium by Ascidians: Some Progress towards an Understanding of this Unusual Phenomenon
+
+[[!doi 10.2108/zsj.13.489 desc="Vanadium detected by neutron activation that causes γ-ray emission at 1,434 keV.  Blood cells of _Ascidia gemmata_ contained ~350 mM ov vanadium.  Other Phlebobranchia contained 20–60 mM, but _C. intestinalis_ contained only 0.6.  Stolidobranchia contained much lower amounts.  Vanadium-containing cells (vanadocytes) were identified as signet cells.  Sulfonic acid might be the counter ion.  Vanadocyte pH is very low (1.9–4.2).  There exist other low-pH cells that do not contain vanadium.  Accumulation of vanadium may involve a mechanism using a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase.  Vanadium contents of the embryo are low but increase during embryogenesis."]]

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@@ -97,4 +97,9 @@ with respcet to _C. roulei_ ([[Nydam and Harrison, 2010|biblio/20403444]]).
  - Mitochondrial gene order differs even within the _Ciona_ genus ([[Gissi,
    Iannelli and Pesole 2004|biblio/15114417]]).
 
+## Other
+
+Blood cells of _C intestinalis_ (_robusta_?) contain vanadium ([[Michibata,
+1996|biblio/10.2108_zsj.13.489]]).
+
 [[!inline pages="tagged(Ciona)" actions="no" limit=0]]