--- /dev/null
+[[!meta title="The Mechanism of Accumulation of Vanadium by Ascidians: Some Progress towards an Understanding of this Unusual Phenomenon"]]
+[[!tag vanadium Ciona]]
+
+Hitoshi Michibata
+
+Zoological Science, 13(4), 489-502, (1 August 1996) doi:10.2108/zsj.13.489
+
+The Mechanism of Accumulation of Vanadium by Ascidians: Some Progress towards an Understanding of this Unusual Phenomenon
+
+[[!doi 10.2108/zsj.13.489 desc="Vanadium detected by neutron activation that causes γ-ray emission at 1,434 keV. Blood cells of _Ascidia gemmata_ contained ~350 mM ov vanadium. Other Phlebobranchia contained 20–60 mM, but _C. intestinalis_ contained only 0.6. Stolidobranchia contained much lower amounts. Vanadium-containing cells (vanadocytes) were identified as signet cells. Sulfonic acid might be the counter ion. Vanadocyte pH is very low (1.9–4.2). There exist other low-pH cells that do not contain vanadium. Accumulation of vanadium may involve a mechanism using a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. Vanadium contents of the embryo are low but increase during embryogenesis."]]
- Mitochondrial gene order differs even within the _Ciona_ genus ([[Gissi,
Iannelli and Pesole 2004|biblio/15114417]]).
+## Other
+
+Blood cells of _C intestinalis_ (_robusta_?) contain vanadium ([[Michibata,
+1996|biblio/10.2108_zsj.13.489]]).
+
[[!inline pages="tagged(Ciona)" actions="no" limit=0]]