MTs

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+[[!meta title="Modular Evolution and Population Variability of Oikopleura dioica Metallothioneins."]]
+[[!tag Oikopleura]]
+
+Calatayud S, Garcia-Risco M, Capdevila M, Cañestro C, Palacios Ò, Albalat R.
+
+Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 2;9:702688. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.702688
+
+Modular Evolution and Population Variability of Oikopleura dioica Metallothioneins.
+
+[[!pmid 34277643 desc="“we concluded that the 11C/12C domain of OdiMTs formed stable clusters with four Cd(II) ions”  “protein sequence comparisons reveal amino-acid identities ranging from 94.4% between Norway and Barcelona, up to 63.9% when compared with the sequence of Okinawa”  “amino acid identities persistently were slightly lower than nucleotide identities [...] indicated that nucleotide substitutions are significantly affecting non-synonymous positions, which can be considered an indication [of] positive selection.”  “The presence of [...] non-functional alleles for both MTs [...] opened the possibility that some O. dioica specimens might lack functional MTs”  “The most conspicuous difference of OdiMT genes between O. dioica populations was the identification of OdiMT2 encoding proteins with variable number of RUs (i.e., t-12C/12 pairs). OdiMT2ORE with seven repeats (RU1–RU7) was the longest one, followed by OdiMT2NOR, with six repeats, OdiMT2OSA, with five repeats, OdiMT2CAT, with four repeats, and OdiMT2OKI, with three repeats.”"]]

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@@ -238,7 +238,10 @@ Genes and pathways
  - Piwi ([[Henriet and coll., 2015|biblio/25779047]]).
  - Metallothioneins _OdMT1_ and _OdMT2_ [[Calatayud and coll., 2018|biblio/30284576]].
    Their cysteins are organised in a way that is not found in other branches of the
-   evolutionary tree [Calatayud and coll., 2021|biblio/34146103].
+   evolutionary tree [[Calatayud and coll., 2021a|biblio/34146103]].  They bind cadmium
+   ions and display variations of number of tandem repeats between dioceous species.
+   Non-functional alleles were found, raising the possibility that some individuals
+   lack MT genes [[Calatayud and coll., 2021b|biblio/34277643]].
  - 2 NUMB genes were found; both are closer to Vertebrate NUMB than to Vertebrate NUMB-Like
    ([[Confalonieri and coll., 2019|biblio/31451549]]).
  - Genes related to thyroid functions (_vWFL_, _Nkx2-1_, _FoxE_, _TPO_ and _Duox_)